Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment RSS feed: Current Issue. The Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (JSAT) features original reviews, training and educational articles, special commentary, and especially research articles that are meaningful to the treatment of alcohol, heroin, marijuana, and other drugs of dependence. JSAT is directed toward treatment practitioners from all disciplines (medicine, nursing, social work, psychology, and counseling) in both private and public sectors, including those involved in schools, health centers, community agencies, correctional facilities, and individual practices. The editors emphasize that JSAT articles should address techniques and treatment approaches that can be used directly by contemporary practitioners.http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment0740-5472382March 2010 © 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS0740547209001913/abstract?rss=yesEditorial Board10.1016/S0740-5472(09)00191-3Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2010-03-01Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2010-03-01382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7IFCIFChttp://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS0740547209001949/abstract?rss=yesContents10.1016/S0740-5472(09)00194-9Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2010-03-01Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2010-03-01382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7iiiiiihttp://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS0740547209001500/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: This experimental pilot study compared postrelease outcomes for 115 women who participated in prison-based substance abuse treatment. Women were randomized to a gender-responsive treatment (GRT) program using manualized curricula (Helping Women Recover and Beyond Trauma) or a standard prison-based therapeutic community. Data were collected from the participants at prison program entry and 6 and 12 months after release. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results indicate that both groups improved in psychological well-being; however, GRT participants had greater reductions in drug use, were more likely to remain in residential aftercare longer (2.6 vs. 1.8 months, p < .05), and were less likely to have been reincarcerated within 12 months after parole (31% vs. 45%, respectively; a 67% reduction in odds for the experimental group, p < .05). Findings show the beneficial effects of treatment components oriented toward women's needs and support the integration of GRT in prison programs for women.A randomized experimental study of gender-responsive substance abuse treatment for women in prisonNena Messina, Christine E. Grella, Jerry Cartier, Stephanie Torres10.1016/j.jsat.2009.09.004Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-12-16Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-12-16382S0740-5472(09)X0009-797107http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS0740547209001494/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: This study examined predictors of employment among substance-using men and women enrolled in welfare-to-work programs. Participants were 394 welfare applicants assigned to either coordinated care management or usual care for treatment services and job training and followed up for 1 year to track employment outcomes. Common barriers to work were assessed at baseline in four key domains: disabilities, situational barriers, labor capital, and motivation. Results indicated substantial gender differences in the number and profile of work barriers. Among men, work experience and job motivation were the only significant predictors of employment; among women, multiple factors from each barrier domain predicted job acquisition even when controlling for all other significant predictors. Findings suggest that welfare-to-work programs should emphasize job training and job seeking during the early stages of welfare interventions for men and for many women.Predictors of employment in substance-using male and female welfare recipientsAaron Hogue, Sarah Dauber, Christopher Dasaro, Jon Morgenstern10.1016/j.jsat.2009.09.003Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-12-18Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-12-18382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7108118http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS0740547209001482/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: This study identifies structural-level factors influencing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) program implementation in China. Twenty-eight service providers and 560 randomly selected clients from 28 MMT clinics in the study area underwent face-to-face interviews. Number of clients, retention rate, coverage, and structural-level factors were collected from a survey of service providers. Individual-level factors and self-reported illicit drug use information were obtained from clients. Urine specimens were collected from the client participants to test for heroin use. Clinics affiliated with the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had more clients, higher retention rates, and broader coverage than those not affiliated with the CDC. Longer operating hours, incentive for compliant clients, and comprehensive services were positively associated with client recruitment and coverage. Comprehensive services and incentives for compliant clients were negatively associated with concurrent illicit drug use. Comprehensive services should be incorporated into the MMT program. Extended operating hours and incentives for compliant clients should be implemented.Structural-level factors affecting implementation of the methadone maintenance therapy program in ChinaChunqing Lin, Zunyou Wu, Keming Rou, Wenyuan Yin, Changhe Wang, Steven Shoptaw, Roger Detels10.1016/j.jsat.2009.09.002Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-12-16Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-12-16382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7119127http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS0740547209001469/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: A. Batra, S.E. Collins, I. Torchalla, M. Schröter, and G. Buchkremer (2008) showed that smokers reporting higher levels of nicotine dependence, novelty seeking/hyperactivity, and depressivity (i.e., at-risk smokers) evinced higher rates of posttreatment smoking than smokers reporting lower scores on self-report psychological symptom measures (i.e., lower risk smokers). This study aimed to replicate the smoker subgroups and test the comparative effectiveness of standard pharmacobehavioral smoking cessation versus modified smoking cessation matched to at-risk smokers' needs. On the basis of their self-report responses, adult regular smokers (N = 268) were classified into smoker subgroups. At-risk smokers were randomly assigned to receive the standard or modified treatments; lower risk smokers received standard treatment. Modified treatment produced higher abstinence rates than the standard treatment for depressive smokers but not for other at-risk smokers. Overall, abstinence rates among at-risk smokers receiving modified treatment were not significantly different from those of lower risk smokers; however, abstinence among higher dependence smokers receiving modified treatment decreased at higher rates than among lower risk smokers.A cluster-randomized effectiveness trial of smoking cessation modified for at-risk smoker subgroupsAnil Batra, Susan E. Collins, Martina Schröter, Sandra Eck, Iris Torchalla, Gerhard Buchkremer10.1016/j.jsat.2009.08.003Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-10-12Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-10-12382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7128140http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS074054720900141X/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Psychosocial functioning and criminal thinking of methamphetamine-using inmates were examined before and after their completion of primary treatment in three in-prison drug treatment programs (one “outpatient” and two different modified therapeutic communities [TCs]). The sample consisted of 2,026 adult male inmates in 30 programs in Indiana. Data included background, psychosocial functioning, criminal thinking, and therapeutic engagement indicators. Multilevel repeated measures analysis was used to evaluate changes during treatment, and multilevel covariate analysis adjusted for sample differences in tests of between-treatment differences. Significant improvements were found for all three treatments, but the two modified TCs showed significantly better progress than did outpatient treatment housed among the general prison population. Significant predictors of treatment progress included baseline psychosocial functioning and background, wherein higher psychosocial functioning and lower criminal thinking orientation predicted stronger therapeutic engagement. However, treatment engagement level was found to mediate during-treatment improvement and initial criminal thinking.Male methamphetamine-user inmates in prison treatment: During-treatment outcomesGeorge W. Joe, Grace A. Rowan-Szal, Jack M. Greener, D. Dwayne Simpson, Jerry Vance10.1016/j.jsat.2009.08.002Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-10-05Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-10-05382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7141152http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS074054720900124X/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Recent legislation permits the treatment of opioid-dependent patients with buprenorphine in the primary care setting, opening doors for the development of new treatment models for opioid dependence. We modified national buprenorphine treatment guidelines to emphasize patient self-management by giving patients the opportunity to choose to have buprenorphine inductions at home or the physician's office. We examined whether patients who had home-based inductions achieved greater 30-day retention than patients who had traditional office-based inductions in a study of 115 opioid-dependent patients treated in an inner-city health center. Retention was similar in both groups: 50 (78.1%) in office-based group versus 40 (78.4%) in home-based group, p = .97. Several patient characteristics were associated with choosing office- versus home-based inductions, which likely influenced these results. We conclude that opioid dependence can be successfully managed in the primary care setting. Approaches that encourage patient involvement in treatment for opioid dependence can be beneficial.Home- versus office-based buprenorphine inductions for opioid-dependent patientsNancy L. Sohler, Xuan Li, Hillary V. Kunins, Galit Sacajiu, Angela Giovanniello, Susan Whitley, Chinazo O. Cunningham10.1016/j.jsat.2009.08.001Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-10-05Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-10-05382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7153159http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS0740547209001238/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: The Dual Diagnosis Capability in Addiction Treatment and the Dual Diagnosis Capability in Mental Health Treatment indexes were used to document change in the capability of 14 substance abuse and mental health agencies to provide services to clients with co-occurring substance use and mental disorders (COD). COD capability significantly increased over 2 years, with the largest improvements seen in client assessment and staff training for COD. The role of agency structural characteristics and organizational readiness for change was also investigated. The study found modest evidence that some structural characteristics (e.g., agency size) and organizational readiness for change were related to increased COD capability. Further study is needed of how these factors affect implementation and fidelity to evidence-based practices, including how programs might compensate for or modify the effects of organizational factors to enhance implementation efforts.Increasing program capability to provide treatment for co-occurring substance use and mental disorders: Organizational characteristicsHeather J. Gotham, Ronald E. Claus, Kim Selig, Andrew L. Homer10.1016/j.jsat.2009.07.005Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-09-01Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-09-01382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7160169http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS0740547209001214/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Outcomes are presented from opioid-dependent outpatients (N = 81) participating in a new community-based initiative designed to improve access to enhanced substance abuse and psychiatric services in a publicly supported methadone maintenance treatment network in Baltimore, MD. The initiative, entitled Community Access to Specialized Treatment (CAST), is located at the Addiction Treatment Services, a program within this network. Network programs referred patients engaged in unremitting drug use who are at risk for discharge to CAST, where they received methadone substitution, individual and group counseling within an adaptive platform, behavioral contingencies to reinforce adherence, and on-site psychiatric evaluation and care. Patients returned to their referring program after producing at least two consecutive weeks of drug-negative urine samples and full counseling adherence. CAST was well utilized by the community. Patients had high rates of adherence to scheduled individual and group counseling services (93% and 73%, respectively); 43% of referrals successfully completed the program in an average of 101 days. This community-wide service delivery approach is a novel alternative to integrating intensive substance abuse and psychiatric care at each program within a treatment network.Using enhanced and integrated services to improve response to standard methadone treatment: Changing the clinical infrastructure of treatment networksKarin Neufeld, Michael Kidorf, Van King, Ken Stoller, Michael Clark, Jessica Peirce, Robert K. Brooner10.1016/j.jsat.2009.07.003Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-09-01Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-09-01382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7170177http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS0740547209001226/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: During adolescence there is a significant increase in risk-taking behavior, including experimenting with alcohol and drugs, which can lead to drug dependence. A new hypothesis regarding the genetic mechanisms that lead to drug use is tested using adolescent Caucasian children of alcoholics (57 males, 54 females; mean age = 14.5 years) data. Variables included in the study were dopaminergic genes (ANKK1 TaqI A, DRD2 C957T, DRD4 7R, COMT Val/Met substitution, and SLC6A3 9R) and a GABAergic gene (GABRB3), all combinations of genes, a count of the number of hypodopaminergic genotypes, personality traits, neurocognitive factors, depressive symptoms, and environmental factors. Separate predictive models were found for males and females. Hypodopaminergic functioning predicted drug use in males; however, in females, a deleterious environment was the salient predictor. This preliminary study suggests that it is possible to identify children at risk for problematic drug use prior to the onset of drug dependence.Genetic, personality, and environmental predictors of drug use in adolescentsBradley T. Conner, Gerhard S. Hellemann, Terry L. Ritchie, Ernest P. Noble10.1016/j.jsat.2009.07.004Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-09-01Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-09-01382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7178190http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS0740547209001664/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Background: Individuals in methadone maintenance treatment are motivated to quit smoking and are interested in smoking cessation treatment. However, few studies have assessed the efficacy of smoking cessation treatment for individuals undergoing methadone maintenance. The purpose of this article is to review interventions for tobacco use cessation among individuals in methadone maintenance with a particular emphasis on the components of such interventions and their effect on smoking cessation/reduction and drug use.Methods: A comprehensive search of six databases in June 2008 retrieved 584 research studies, which addressed smoking cessation interventions among individuals in substance use treatment. Of the retrieved articles, eight studies addressed smoking cessation among individuals undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. These studies were examined for effect of intervention on smoking cessation/reduction, gender differences in treatment outcomes, and the effect of the smoking cessation intervention on substance use behaviors.Results: Few studies demonstrated successful smoking abstinence among individuals in methadone maintenance treatment. Most interventions were associated with significant smoking reduction from baseline. Few studies assessed differences between men and women in smoking cessation treatment outcome. Smoking cessation treatment was not associated with increased substance use.Conclusions: To date, interventions among individuals in methadone treatment have been largely unsuccessful in achieving sustained smoking abstinence. However, smoking cessation treatment does not worsen substance use. Future studies are necessary to determine intervention designs and components that can enhance smoking cessation among individuals in methadone maintenance.Smoking cessation interventions among individuals in methadone maintenance: A brief reviewChizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Milan Khara, Ric M. Procyshyn, Joy L. Johnson, Alasdair M. Barr, Lorraine Greaves10.1016/j.jsat.2009.10.001Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-12-16Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-12-16382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7Brief Article191199http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/PIIS074054720900186X/abstract?rss=yesThere are an unknown but very large number of individuals who have experienced and successfully resolved dependence on alcohol or other drugs, referring to their new sober, productive lifestyle as being “in recovery.” Although widely used, the lack of a standard definition for the term recovery has hindered public understanding of and research involvement in the topic. Better public understanding might foster greater interest in and greater availability of recovery-oriented interventions. Increased research involvement might lead to more effective forms of those interventions. With these goals in mind, a group of researchers, treatment providers, recovery advocates, and policy makers was convened by the Betty Ford Institute (BFI) in September 2006 to develop an initial definition of recovery as a starting point for better communication, research, and public discussion and understanding. The consensus definition of recovery, “a voluntarily maintained lifestyle comprised of sobriety, personal health and citizenship,” was published in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment in 2007. The article contained the operational elements, rationale, and implications for all parts of the definition.What is recovery? Revisiting the Betty Ford Institute Consensus Panel Definition: The Betty Ford Consensus Panel and ConsultantsThomas McLellan10.1016/j.jsat.2009.11.002Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 38, 2 (2010)2009-12-14Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment2009-12-14382S0740-5472(09)X0009-7Correspondence200201