Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume 28, Issue 1 , Pages 49-55, January 2005

The effectiveness of nicotine patch and nicotine lozenge in very heavy smokers

  • Saul Shiffman, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Pinney Associates, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
    • University of Pittsburgh, Smoking Research Group, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Pinney Associates, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Tel.: +1 412 687 5677; fax: +1 412 687 4855
    • ,
  • Michael E. Di Marino, M.A.

      Affiliations

    • Pinney Associates, Bethesda, MD, USA
    • ,
  • Janine L. Pillitteri, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Pinney Associates, Seattle, WA, USA

Received 31 May 2004; received in revised form 20 September 2004; accepted 28 October 2004.

Abstract 

The efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among very heavy and highly dependent smokers was examined in a secondary analysis of two randomized clinical trials of NRT. In the first trial, smokers were assigned to active patch (n = 249) or placebo (n = 253) plus intensive behavioral treatment. In the second trial, smokers were assigned to active 4-mg nicotine lozenge (n = 450) or placebo (n = 451) plus brief behavioral treatment. Nicotine patch and lozenge significantly increased 6-month continuous abstinence quit rates in both very heavy (≥40 cigarettes per day) and highly dependent (Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire or Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score > 7) smokers. The effect of active NRT treatment did not differ significantly by smoking rate or nicotine dependence, with the exception that the nicotine patch was significantly more effective than placebo in highly dependent smokers. The nicotine patch and lozenge are effective (vs. placebo) even in heavy and highly dependent smokers.

Keywords: Nicotine replacement therapy, Smoking cessation, Heavy smokers, Nicotine dependence

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PII: S0740-5472(04)00127-8

doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2004.10.006

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume 28, Issue 1 , Pages 49-55, January 2005

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